Thermal radiation

 

Thermal radiation explained:

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of atoms in matter. How does a bouncing atom create such high frequency radiation in optical? 

When heated, the atoms bounce around hitting each other. The measured distance between some atoms in black body thermal radiators can be on order of only a few angstroms. The frequency of the thermal radiation emitted would be dependent on how fast and how far one atom has to travel before it gets nearer the adjacent atoms magnetic field and bounces back.  The two recoil and create the moving magnetic field, which in turn creates the electromagnetic wave and thus; the thermal radiation. 

Seeing as the space between atoms can be only as little as one tenths of nm and that black body radiation peaks in optical in the hundreds of nm wavelengths, then it follows that any motion of an atom in the heated blackbody material would mean its oscillation frequency around the optical and infrared  frequencies can be easily accounted for. By virtue of the very short distance the atom has to move between its succesive ‘bounces’. An analogy is if one bounces a ball at a constant speed between two walls x distance apart, then at the same speed that balls “bounce” frequency will increase the shorter the distance ‘x’ is between the walls. 

On a microscopic scale, heat conduction occurs as hot, rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and molecules interact with neighboring atoms and molecules, transferring some of their energy (heat) to these neighboring particles. 

Push Gravity modelled as an electromagnetic wave.

 Push gravity using a particle model has been shown to be vulnerable to various criticisms not least being unable to explain what particles that do the pushing are made of. But if EMR is used rather than particles I believe push gravity can stand up to scrutiny. 

The usual theoretical explanation for push gravity is that gravity as EMR ‘pushes’ in from all sides evenly. This means if two objects are close together each will throw a ‘shadow’ onto the other. The mass of each body reduces the push on the other  in its shadow. This of course will result in the two objects apparently having a gravitational attraction to each other. In fact, this is not gravity pulling but rather an external force pushing the two objects together.

Some say that even an EMR push theory wouldn’t work.  Saying it would lead to ‘drag’ of orbital bodies in the solar system and that this isn’t observed. Other criticism being: How does the EMR interact or ‘push’ the atom? Or,..wouldn’t the push waves energy build up in each atom and it would become heavier over time? These criticisms  *can* still be explained by a push EMR model. 

As I have outlined elsewhere in my other pages a push model using EMR would only work in an infinite and non expanding non Big Bang universe. And one where relativity or quantum effects like particles are not invoked.

In a EMR push gravity model any object whether it moves relative to any other mass or not is always at the center of its own infinite universe. Because in an infinite non BB universe any point or object  is always technically at the center of the universe by right of there always being an infinite amount of mass equally in any direction outside any object.

This means that once local gravitational forces are ignored there is a push pressure of EMR radiation pushing in *evenly* from all directions. Regardless of that objects location or its movement relative to any other object.  

In other words an orbitting body in our solar system will not experience ‘drag’ as long as it moves along its inertial path. And only experience “drag” if a change of direction in its inertial path is needed. Or of course if it experiences the gravitational ‘shadow’ from a nearby mass. 

This is essentially inertia. And indeed observations show that any object will continue travelling in a inertial path until force is applied to change its direction.  In the same way as an object with equal push force pushing in from all directions of the universe will need to use force to move against this equal pressure in any direction. And once the force has stopped pushing the object from any one direction it will be on a new inertial path where it still sits at its own center of an infinite universe. 

Some say push gravity wouldn’t work because to push the object would involve transferring wave energy or particles to the atom. And that this would imply atoms in any push models would grow bigger and heavier. Which obviously isn’t observed. In a particle push model this is a problem. But with a wave EMR model it isn’t. Because the radiation either goes straight through the atom, or for a small percentage of incident radiation, gets reflected back in the same direction as it came. This reflection is the force needed to explain the ‘ push’ of gravity. This is already observed with light pressure via solar sails. EMR radiation is observed to exert a push on the mass of the solar sail. That observed push on solar sails is essentially ...the same mechanism that gives us push gravity. 

To conclude it is important to say that in an infinite sized and infinite aged universe there will be primordial EMR that moves much faster then or slower than c due to local random motions within the infinite universe. Go far enough aback in time and a light source in a galaxy long ago dissipated will have its expanding bubble of EMR travelling at many and vast different speeds to our more recently created galaxy. And at speeds so high and thus energies so great that our instruments cannot detect them. However, these high energy waves are detectable. Because it is these energies of EMR that interact with mass to give ...Push Gravity. And ultimately it is these extreme high energies waves which themselves create the atoms. As standing waves or vortices in the EMR filled vacuum. A subject which I have and will continue to describe in other pages of my theoretical physics pages on this blog.